Types of Physical Phenomena:
Heat gained:
- Melting
- Boiling
- Evaporation
- Sublimation
Heat loss:
- Freezing
- Condensation
- Deposition
Others:
- Dissolving
- Diffusion
Physical Phenomena can be explained through Kinetic Particle Theory:
Example of heat gained ( Melting ):
Particles in solid only vibrate in fixed positions due to strong forces of attraction holding them closely together.
Upon heating, heat energy is absorbed by the particles of the liquid. The heat energy is converted into kinetic energy. The particles move faster as the temperature rises. When the temperature is high enough to reach melting point of water, the heat energy taken in is used to overcome the forces of attraction holding the particles together.
After melting is completed, heat energy is taken in to increase the kinetic of the particles, which now slides past each other continuously at a higher average speed.
Example of heat loss (Desublimation):
Particles in gas state move far apart from each other in a random direction and constant motion.
Upon cooling, heat energy is loss and the particles lose kinetic energy. The particles move slower as the temperature decreases. When the temperature os low enough to reach the desublimation point, the attractive forces of the particles strengthen as the particles does not have sufficient energy to overcome the forces.
After desublimation is completed, heat energy loss decreases the kinetic energy of the particles which vibrate in fixed positions in constant motion at a slower average speed due to strong attractive forces holding them close together.
Diffusion:
Diffusion of a substance eg. a drop of ink in a glass of water; is evidence of matter being made up of tiny particles in constant random motion.
When a drop of ink is added to a glass of water, it is observed that the ink spreads to different parts of the water without the need to stir.
If particles are not already moving constantly, the ink would not be observed to spread on its own.
There is no fixed pattern or direction to the movement/spread of the ink, indicating that the movement is random.
Example of heat gained ( Melting ):
Particles in solid only vibrate in fixed positions due to strong forces of attraction holding them closely together.
Upon heating, heat energy is absorbed by the particles of the liquid. The heat energy is converted into kinetic energy. The particles move faster as the temperature rises. When the temperature is high enough to reach melting point of water, the heat energy taken in is used to overcome the forces of attraction holding the particles together.
After melting is completed, heat energy is taken in to increase the kinetic of the particles, which now slides past each other continuously at a higher average speed.
Example of heat loss (Desublimation):
Particles in gas state move far apart from each other in a random direction and constant motion.
Upon cooling, heat energy is loss and the particles lose kinetic energy. The particles move slower as the temperature decreases. When the temperature os low enough to reach the desublimation point, the attractive forces of the particles strengthen as the particles does not have sufficient energy to overcome the forces.
After desublimation is completed, heat energy loss decreases the kinetic energy of the particles which vibrate in fixed positions in constant motion at a slower average speed due to strong attractive forces holding them close together.
Diffusion:
Diffusion of a substance eg. a drop of ink in a glass of water; is evidence of matter being made up of tiny particles in constant random motion.
When a drop of ink is added to a glass of water, it is observed that the ink spreads to different parts of the water without the need to stir.
If particles are not already moving constantly, the ink would not be observed to spread on its own.
There is no fixed pattern or direction to the movement/spread of the ink, indicating that the movement is random.
Assumptions and Limitations.
However, there are Limitations and Assumptions are made when using KPT model to explain the physical phenomena.
Assumptions:
(refer to handout given)
Limitations
(refer to handout given)
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